Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae of Gunnison County, ColoradoEphemerella dorothea infrequens
Pale Morning Dun, PMDNeedham, 1908
Updated 6 Jan 2010
TSN 698506
Good Links
On this website:
Introduction to Ephemerellidae
Ephemerella Introduction
Other Websites:
Book Pale Morning Dun, a book by Richard Dokey. The link is to a few paragraphs about the artifical fly imitation that his Grandfather used to tie by hand and his experience of the start of the PMD hatch every year.
Map - Kondratieff, Boris C. (coordinator). 2000. Mayflies of the United States. Jamestown, ND: Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Online. (Version 12DEC2003). http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/distr/insects/mfly/usa/204.htm
Photo Adult male - go to the bottom of the page and among many great photos, there is a Pale Morning Dun or Ephemerella dorothea second from the right.
PAN Pesticides database: http://www.pesticideinfo.org/List_AquireAll.jsp?Species=5162&Effect=
References
Allan,JD 1987 Macroinvertebrate drift in a Rocky Mountain stream. Hydrobiologia 144, 261-268.
Buchwalter,DB; Cain,DJ; Clements,WH; Luoma,SN 2007 Using biodynamic models to reconcile differences between laboratory toxicity tests and field biomonitoring with aquatic insects. Environmental Science and Technology 41, 4821-4828.
Courtney,LA and Clements,WH 2000 Sensitivity to acidic pH in benthic invertebrate assemblages with different histories of exposure to metals. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 19 (1) 112-127.Abstract
Gilpin,BR and Brusven,MA 1970 Food habits and ecology of mayflies of the St. Maries River in Idaho. Melanderia 4:19-40. PDF
Jacobus,LM and McCafferty,WP 2003 Revisionary contributions to North American Ephemerella and Serratella (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 111:174-193. PDF
Johnson,SC 1978 Larvae of Ephemerella inermis and E. infrequens (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 54, 19-25.
After the Ephemerella revision by Jacobus and McCafferty in 2003, this paper could be titled "Larvae of Ephemerella excrucians and E. dorothea infrequens."
Kiffney,PM; Clements,WH 1996 Size-dependent response of macroinvertebrates to metals in experimental streams.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 15(8)1352-1356.
Abstract: "Our previous research has shown that the effects of metals on stream benthic invertebrate populations and communities can vary within and between locations. With this in mind, we examined whether invertebrate body size could explain some of the variation in metal sensitivity within a species. Benthic macroinvertebrates from a pristine Rocky Mountain foothills' stream were collected using artificial substrates and exposed to a mixture of Cd, Cu, and Zn in stream microcosms for 10 d at their respective Colorado chronic criterion levels (4.0, 5.0, and 50 mu g/L). The effects of metals on the ephemeropterans Baetis tricaudatus (Baetidae), Ephemerella infrequens (Ephemerellidae), and Rhithrogena hageni (Heptageniidae) and the plecopteran Pteronarcella badia (Pteronarcyidae) were size dependent, as there was an inverse relationship between body size and survivorship. These results may have important implications for setting water-quality criteria for metals and For using benthic invertebrates in biological assessments. "
McDunnough J. 1924. New North American Ephemeridae. Canadian Entomologist 56:221-226.
Described as Ephemerella infrequens.
Needham JG. 1908 New data concerning May flies and dragon flies of New York. May flies (Ephemeridae). Bulletin of the New York State Museum 1907:188-194.
Nelson,SM and Roline,RA 1999 Relationships between metals and hyporheic invertebrate community structure in a river recovering from metals contamination. Hydrobiologia 397, 211-226. Abstract
They studied the Arkansas River above (surface) and below the streambed rocks (hyporheic) before and after a water treatment plant was installed to clean up the Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel effluent in 1992. At their clean reference site they found Ephemerella pr. infrequens in the surface samples with an average density of 1907 individuals per square meter. The hyporheic samples had a mean density of 881/m².
Newell,RL and Hossack,BR 2009 Large, wetland-associated mayflies (Ephemeroptera) of Glacier National Park, Montana. Western North American Naturalist, 69(3) 335-342. Abstract and PDF
Peckarsky,BL 1983: Biotic interactions or abiotic limitations? A model of lotic community structure. In: Dynamics of Lotic Ecosystems. Eds: Fontaine III,Thomas D; Bartell,Steven M Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 303-323.
Peckarsky,BL 1985 Do predaceous stoneflies and siltation affect the structure of stream insect communities colonizing enclosures? Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, 1519-1530.
Peckarsky,BL 1990 Habitat selection by stream-dwelling predatory stoneflies. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, 1069-1076.
Peckarsky,BL 1991a A field test of resource depression by predatory stonefly larvae. Oikos 61 1, 3-10.
Peckarsky,BL 1991b Is there a coevolutionary arms race between predators and prey? A case study with stoneflies and mayflies. Advances in Ecology 1, 167-180.
Pennack,RW and Ward,JV 1986 Interstital faunal communities of the hyporheic and adjacent groundwater biotopes of a Colorado mountain stream. Archiv für Hydrobiologie Suppl. 74 3, 356-396.
They found E. infrequens nymphs in the hyporheic zone of the South Platte river in the Front Range of Colorado at 1863 meters elevation.
Short,RA 1983 Food habits and dietary overlap among six stream collector species. Freshwater Invertebrate Biology 2:132-138. PDF
Discussed as Ephemerella infrequens.
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