Home | Species List | Bibliography

Publications about the Ephemeroptera (Mayflies) of Gunnison County, Colorado

Updated 19 Nov 2008

Check out the following website, it has a very complete bibliography for mayflies worldwide and is a great source for downloadable PDF files of many publications, including many of the papers listed on this webpage. The Virtual Library from Ephemeroptera Galactica.

You may search this page (or any other webpage) with your browser's search capability. Type Ctrl F and fill in your search term. Species names are links to pages on this website


A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

A

Aaraard, Kaare; Solem, John O; Nøst, Terje and Hannssen, Oddvar 1997 The macrobenthos of the pristine steam Skiftesåa, Høylandet, Norway. Hydrobiologia 348: 81-94.

Alexander RD; Brown WL Jr. 1963. Mating behavior and the origin of insect wings. Occasional papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan 628:1-19. [533 kb] PDF

Allan, J.D. 1975a. The distributional ecology and diversity of benthic insects in Cement Creek, Colorado. Ecology 56:1040-1053. Abstract

Allan, J.D. 1975b Faunal replacement: altitudinal zonation in an alpine stream. Verhandlungen der Internationale Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie 19:1015-1022.
A longitudinal survey of Cement Creek in the 1970s.

Allan,JD 1978a Diet of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchell) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta L.) in an alpine stream. Internationale Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie Verhandlungen 20, 2045-2050.

Allan,JD 1978b Trout predation and the size composition of stream drift. Limnology and Oceanography 23 6, 1231-1237.

Allan,JD 1981 Determinants of diet of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in a mountain stream. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 38, 184-192.

Allan,JD 1985 The production ecology of Ephemeroptera in a Rocky Mountain stream. Internationale Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie Verhandlungen 22, 3233-3237.

Allan,JD 1987 Macroinvertebrate drift in a Rocky Mountain stream. Hydrobiologia 144, 261-268.
     Based at the Rocky Mountain Biological Lab in Gothic, the author studied Cement Creek in Gunnison County during the spring, summer and fall of 1975-1978. He found that drift densities (number of animals per 100 m³) were 10 times higher at night. 24 hour totals approached 2000 animals/100m³ in mid-summer down to 500 animals/m³ in the fall. Quote from the abstract: "Ephemeroptera, especially Baetis, dominated the drift." He studied the effects of stream discharge, benthic density (number animals/m² of bottom samples) and temperature on drift finding that discharge and benthic density significantly affected some taxa and not others, while temperature had no effect on drift. He found his results varied by whether he used drift density (number animals/m³ of water) or drift rate (number animals past a certain point for a specific time). Quote from page 265: "Expressing drift on a per unit volume basis eliminated a significant dependency of drift on flow in 5 or 8 taxa examined. Benthic density typically was the best predictor of 24 hour drift density." More information on these taxa: Baetis bicaudatus, Cinygmula spp., Epeorus longimanus

Allan,JD; Feifarek,BP 1989 Distances travelled by drifting mayfly nymphs: factors influencing return to the substrate. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 8 4, 322-330.

Allan,JD; Flecker,AS; McClintock,NL 1986 Diel epibenthis activity of mayfly nymphs, and its nonconcordance with behavioral drift. Limnology and Oceanography 31 5, 1057-1065.

Allan,JD; Flecker,AS; McClintock,NL 1987 Prey size selection by carnivorous stoneflies. Limnology and Oceanography 32 4, 864-872.

Allen RK. 1974 Neochoroterpes, a new subgenus of Choroterpes Eaton from North America (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Canadian Entomologist 106:161-168.

Allen,RK 1984 A new classification of the subfamily Ephemerellinae and the description of a new genus. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 60, 245-247.

Allen,RK; Chao,ESM 1978 Mayflies of the Southwest: new species and records of Heptageniidae. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 54, 311-315.

Allen,RK; Chao,ESM 1981 Mayflies of the Southwest: new records and notes of Siphlonuridae (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 57, 449-456.

Allen RK; Edmunds Jr GF. 1959 A revision of the genus Ephemerella (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). I. The subgenus Timpanoga. Canadian Entomologist 91:51-58.

Allen,RK; Edmunds,GF 1962 A revision of the genus Ephemerella (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). V. The subgenus Drunella in North America. Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America 3, 147-179.

Argyle,DW; Edmunds,GF 1962 Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) of the Curecanti Reservoir Basins Gunnison River, Colorado. University of Utah Anthropological Papers 59 8, 178-189.
Table 1. Distribution of mayflies in the Curecanti region.
Taxonomy Translation (page 182)
Argyle and Edmunds Name 2005 Name
Siphlonurus occidentalis same
Heptagenia solitaria same
Rhitrogena robusta same
Epeorus albertae same
Epeorus longimanus same
Ephemerella doddsi Drunella doddsii
Ephemerella grandis Drunella grandis grandis
Ephemerella hecuba hecuba Timpanoga hecuba hecuba
Ephemerella inermis same
Ephemerella margarita Attenella margarita
Ephemerella tibialis Serratella tibialis
Tricoythodes minutes same
Paraleptophlebia pallipes Paraleptophlebia memorialis


B


Ball,SL; Hebert,PDN; Burian,SK; Webb,JM 2005 Biological identification of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) using DNA barcodes. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 24 3, 508-524.

Banks, N. 1897 New North american neuropteroid insects. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 24:21-31.

Banks, N. 1924 Descriptions of new neuropteroid insects. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 65(12):419-455, pl. 1-4.

Bedarik,AF; Edmunds,GF 1980 Descriptions of larval Heptagenia from the Rocky Mountain region (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 56, 51-62.

Bergman, EA and WL Hilsenhoff 1978 Parthenogenisis in the mayfly genus Baetis (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 71:167-168.

Behmer DJ; Hawkins CP. 1986. Effects of overhead canopy on macroinvertebrate production in a Utah stream. Freshwater Biology 16:287-300.

Buchwalter,DB; Cain,DJ; Martin,CA; Xie,L; Luoma,SN; Garland,JT 2008 Aquatic insect ecophysiological traits reveal phylogenetically based differences in dissolved cadmium susceptibility. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105 24, 8321-8326.

Buchwalter,DB; Luoma,SN 2005 Differences indissolved cadmium and zinc uptake among stream insects: mechanistic explanations. Environmental Science and Technology 39, 498-504.

Burton GJ; McRae TM. 1972 Phoretic attachment of Simulium larvae and pupae to mayfly and dragonfly nymphs. Mosquito News 32(3):436-443.

Bushnell,JH; Foster,SQ; Wahle,BM 1987 Annotated inventory of invertebrate populations of an alpine lake and stream chain in Colorado. Great Basin Naturalist 47, 500-511.


C


Cain,DJ; Luoma,SN; Wallace,WG 2004 Linking metal bioaccumulation of aquatic insects to their distribution patterns in a mining-impacted river. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 23, 1463-1473.

Carlisle,Daren M; Clements,William H 2003 Growth and secondary production of aquatic insects along a gradient of Zn contamination in Rocky Mountain streams. Journal North American Benthological Society 22(4), 582-597. Abstract and entire paper
     Curious about the effects of chronic metal contamination on mayfly (and other taxa) production, the authors compared two clean reference streams to three polluted streams in the mountains near Leadville, Colorado. The cleam streams had 36 and 56 µ/L of Zinc respectively while the polluted streams had low (105µg/L) medium (210µg/L) or high (293µg/L) levels of Zinc. They found that secondary production of the Heptageniidae Rhitrogena robusta, Cinygmula sp. and Epeorus longimanus was lower in slightly to moderately conatminated streams. These taxa and many others were absent from seriously polluted streams and thus their productivity approached zero in streams with the highest levels of Zinc pollution. Growth estimates from feeding experiments discovered that the reduction in secondary production was mostly due to the decline of Rhitrogena robusta with increasing levels of Zinc.

Caudill, Chris C. 2002 Metapopulation biology of the mayfly Callibaetis ferrugineus hageni in high elevation beaver ponds. Cornell University Ph.D. Thesis

Caudill,CC 2003 Measuring dispersal in a metapopulation using stable isotope enrichment: high rates of sex-biased dispersal between patches in a mayfly metapopulation. Oikos 101 3, 624-630.

Caudill,CC and Peckarsky,BL. 2003. Lack of appropriate behavioral or developmental responses by mayfly larvae to trout predators. Ecology 84:2133-2144. Abstract

Clements,WH; Carlisle,DN; Lazorchak,JM; Johnson,PC 2000 Heavy metals structure benthic communities in Colorado mountain streams. Ecological Applications 10(2)626-638. Abstract
     The authors discuss the EPA's Regional Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (REMAP) data on aquatic insects among a number of mine-polluted and clean streams and rivers in Colorado. Quote from page 632: "In particular, abundance of the mayflies Rhithrogena robusta (Fig. 5b), Cinygmula sp.(Fig. 5c), and Drunella doddsi(Fig. 5d), and the stonefly Sweltsa sp.(Fig. 5e) was significantly lower at medium- and high-metal stations."

Clubb,RW; Gaufin,AR; Lords,JL 1975 Acute cadmium toxicity studies upon nine species of aquatic insects. Environmental Research 9, 332-341.

Colburn,T 1982a Aquatic insects as measures of trace element presence in water: Cadmium and Molybdenum. Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment: Fith Conference, ASTM STP 766, J.G. Pearson, R.B. Foster, and W.E. Bishop, Eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, pgs 316-325.

Colburn,T 1982b Measurement of low levels of molybdenum in the environment by using aquatic insects. 29, 422-428.
     The author measured molybdenum (Mo) levels in several aquatic imsect species in the upper Gunnison Basin.

Courtney,LA and Clements,WH 2000 Sensitivity to acidic pH in benthic invertebrate assemblages with different histories of exposure to metals. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 19 (1) 112–127.Abstract


D


Dahl,J and Peckarsky,BL 2002. Induced morphological defenses in the wild: predator effects on a mayfly, Drunella coloradensis. Ecology 83:1620-1634. Abstract

DeWalt,RE; Stewart,KW; Moulton,SR; Kennedy,JH 1994 Summer emergence of mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies from a Colorado mountain stream. Southwestern Naturalist 39 3, 249-256.

Dodds,GS 1923 Mayflies from Colorado: descriptions of certain species and notes on others. Transactions of American Entomological Society 69, 93-116.
     Dodds collected and reared mayflies in Boulder Creek in the Front Range of Colorado during the early 1900s. He described several mayfly species found in Gunnison COunty.

Dodds,GS; Hisaw,FL 1925 Ecological studies on aquatic insects. IV. Altitudinal range and zonation of mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies in the Colorado Rockies. Ecology 6 4, 380-390.

Dosdall, LM; Goodwin, LR; Casey, RJ; Noton, L 1997 The effect of ambient concentrations of chlorate on survival of freshwater aquatic invertebrates. Water Quality Research Journal of Canada. 32(4) 839-854.
      This paper is mentioned in some of the PAN pesticides database http://www.pesticideinfo.org/Index.html links scattered throughout this website and on the Ambient Water Quality Guidelines for Chlorate website from Government of British Columbia, Ministry of the Environment.

Downes,JA 1964 Arctic insects and their environment. Canadian Entomologist 96, 279-307.

Durfee,R; Kondratieff,BC 1993 Description of adults of Baetis magnus (Ephemeroptera:Baetidae). Entomological News 104 5, 227-232.
    The authors examined B. magnus from the Gunnison River near Gunnison among other places. They discuss the details of telling this species apart from Baetis tricaudatus. They note variation in the number and placement of several wing veins across several geographical locations.

Durfee,RS; Kondratieff,BC 1994 New additions to the inventory of Colorado mayflies (Ephemeroptera). Entomological News 105 4, 222-227.

Durfee,RS; Kondratieff,BC 1995 Description of adults of Baetis notos (Ephemeroptera:Baetiidae). Entomological News 106 2, 71-74.

Durfee,RS; Kondratieff,BC 1999 Notes on North American Baetis (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae):Baetis moffatti new synonym of B. tricaudatus and range extension for B. bundyae. Entomological News 110 3, 177-180.


E


Eaton AE. 1869 On Centroptilum, a new genus of the Ephemeridae. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 6:131-132.

Eaton AE. 1883-1888. A revisional monograph of recent Ephemeridae or mayflies. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Second Series, Zoology 3:1-352, 65 pl.

Eaton AE. 1892 Fam. Ephemeridae. Biologica Centrali-Americana 38:1-16, 1 pl.

Edmunds Jr GF. 1945. Ovoviviparous mayflies of the genus Callibaetis (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). Entomological News 56:169-171.

Edmunds Jr GF. 1952a Studies on the Ephemeroptera Part I. The phylogeny and classification of the Ephemeroptera, with a study of flight mechanics and evolution of their wings. PhD Thesis, University of Massachusetts. 103 pages.

Edmunds Jr GF. 1952b Studies on the Ephemeroptera Part II. The taxonomy and biology of the mayflies in Utah. PhD Thesis, University of Massachusetts. 399 pages.

Edmunds Jr,GF 1962 The food habits of the nymphs of the mayfly Siphlonurus occidentalis. Proceedings of the Utah Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 37, 73-74.

Edmunds Jr, GF. 1995 Habitat differences between northern and southern populations of mayflies of the western United States. Pages 171-176 in Corkum LD; Ciborowski JJH. Current Directions in Research on Ephemeroptera. Canadian Scholars' Press, Inc. Toronto.

Edmunds,GF; Allen,RK 1964 The Rocky Mountain species of Epeorus (Iron) Eaton (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 37 4, 275-288.

Edmunds,GF and Musser,GG 1960 The mayfly fauna of the Green River in the Flaming Gorge Reservoir Basin, Wyoming and Utah.University of Utah Anthropological Papers. 48:111-123.

Edmunds,GF; Tennessen,KJ 1996 Ephemeroptera. In: An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America. 3rd ed. Eds: Merritt,RW; Cummins,KW Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa, 126-163.

Edmunds Jr.,GF; Jensen,SL; Berner,L 1976 The Mayflies of North and Central America. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, Minnesota. 330 pages pages.

Elmork,K; Saether,OR 1970 Distribution of invertebrates in a high mountain brook in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. University of Colorado Studies Series in Biology No 31.

Encalada AC; Peckarsky BL. 2006. Selective oviposition of the mayfly Baetis bicaudatus. Oecologia 148:526-537. Abstract


F


Flecker,AS; Allan,JD; McClintock,NL 1988 Male body size and mating sucess in swarms of the mayfly Epeorus longimanus. Holarctic Ecology 11 4, 280-285.

Flowers RW. 1980 Two new genera of Nearctic Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera). Florida Entomologist 63:296-307.
     Splits the new genera Leucrocuta and Nixe from Heptagenia.


G


Gerhardt A; Bisthoven LJ de; Soares AMVM. 2005. Effects of acid mine drainage and acidity on the activity of Choroterpes picteti (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 48:450-458.

Gray,LJ; Ward,JV 1979 Food habits of stream benthos at sites of differing food availability. American Midland Naturalist 102 1, 157-167.


H


Hagen,HA 1861 Synopsis of the Neuroptera of North America with a list of South American species. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 4, 1-344.

Herrmann,J; Andersson,KG 1986 Aluminum impact on respiration of lotic mayflies at low pH. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 30, 703-709.

Hill,WR and Knight, AW 1987 Experimental analysis of the grazing interaction between a mayfly and stream algae. Ecology (68)6:1955–1965.Abstract

Hughes,JM; Mather,PB; Hillyer,M j; Cleary,C; Peckarsky,B 2003 Genetic structure in a montane mayfly Baetis bicaudatus (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae), from the Rocky Mountains, Colorado. Freshwater Biology 48, 2149-2162.


I


Irving,EC; Baird,DJ; Culp,JM 2003 Ecotoxicological responses of the mayfly Baetis tricaudatus to dietary and waterborne cadmium: implications for toxicity testing. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 22, 1058-1064.


J


Jacobus LM; McCafferty WP. 2004. Revisionary contributions to the genus Drunella (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 112:127-147.

Jacobus, LM and McCafferty, WP 2008 Revision of Ephemerellidae genera (Ephemeroptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 134: 185-274.

Jensen,SL 1966 The Mayflies of Idaho (Ephemeroptera). M.S. Thesis, University of Utah, Utah. 364 p.

Jensen SL; Edmunds GF Jr. 1973 Some phylogenetic relationships within the Heptageniidae. Pages 82-87 in W. L. Peters & J. G. Peters, eds., Proceedings of the First International Conference on Ephemeroptera, E. J. Brill, Leiden.

Johnson,SC 1978 Larvae of Ephemerella inermis and E. infrequens (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 54, 19-25.
     The larvae in our area are difficult to distinguish using the drawings in this paper. Our animals are in between. Further study of mature specimens may work, but don't try to identify young specimens unless you have other information indicating which species it is.


K


Kiffney,PM; Clements,WH 1993 Bioaccumulation of heavy metals by benthic invertebrates at the Arkansas River, Colorado. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 12, 1507-1517.

Kiffney,PM; Clements,WH 1994 Effects of heavy metals on a macroinvertebrate assemblage from a Rocky Mountain stream in experimental microcosms. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 13 4, 511-523.
     Quote from page 519-520: "Our results were similar to other experiments (Clements et al. 1988a, 1988b, Leland et al. 1989, Kiffney and Clements 1994) and field studies (Chadwick et al. 1986, Clements 1994; Clements, unpublished results) that have examined the effects of metals on stream macroinvertebrates. Specifically, mayflies and some stoneflies were sensitive, and caddisflies and chironomids were relatively tolerant to metal exposure. However, the sensitivity to metals differed within families, genera and across lifestages."

Knopp,M; Cormier,R 1997 Mayflies: An anglers study of trout water Ephemeroptera. Lyons Press, Guilford, CT. 366 pages. Buy from Amazon.com
     This book has rather inaccurate illustrations of some larvae. For example the illustration of Caenis amica has the large gill covers drawn on a Baetis-like body. However, once you know what species you're looking at, this book has helpful information on flyfishing and fly patterns for imitating the various life stages of many mayflies.

Komnick,H; Rhees,RW;Abel,JH 1972 The function of ephemerid chloride cells. Histochemical, autoradiographic and physiological studies with radioactive chloride on Callibaetis. Cytobiologie 5:65-82.

Koslucher,DG and Minshall,GW 1973 Food habits of some benthic invertebrates in a northern cool-desert stream (Deep Creek, Curlew Valley, Idaho-Utah). Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 92(3) 441-452. Abstract


L


Leach WE. 1815 Entomology. Brewster's Edinburgh Encyclopaedia 9:57-172.
     Describes the genus Baetis for the first time.

Lugo-Ortiz,CR; McCafferty,WP 1995 Annotated inventory of the mayflies (Ephemeroptera) of Arizona. Entomological News 106 3, 131-140.

Lugo-Ortiz,CR; McCafferty,WP 1998 A new North American genus of Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) and key to Baetis complex genera. Entomological News 109 5, 345-353.


M


Magnum,FA; Winget,RN 1991 Environmental profile of Drunella (Eatonella) doddsi (Needham) (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Journal of Freshwater Ecology 6 1, 11-22.
     This is one of a series of papers by scientists in Utah working on stream samples from all over the Western United States.

Magnum,FA; Winget,RN 1993 Environmental profile of Drunella grandis Eaton (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) in the Western United States. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 8 2, 133-140.

Maret,TR; Cain,DJ; MacCoy,DE; Short,TM 2003 Response of benthic invertebrate assemblages to metal exposure and bioaccumulation associated with hard-rock mining in northwestern streams, USA. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 22 4, 598-620. Abstract and entire paper

McCafferty, WP 1983 Aquatic Entomology: The Fishermens Guide and Ecologists Illustrated Guide to Insects and Their Relatives. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc. 480 pages.

McCafferty,WP 1991 Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Ephemeroptera (Insecta): A commentary on systematics. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 84, 343-360.

McCafferty, WP 1992 New larval desciptions and comparisons of North American Chloroterpes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) Great Lakes Entomologist (25)71-78.

McCafferty,WP 1996 The Ephemeroptera species of North America and index to their complete nomenclature. Transactions of American Entomological Society 122 1, 1-54.
     Checklist, very handy for verifying name changes. The website http://www.entm.purdue.edu/entomology/research/mayfly/basis.html continues to update this information.

McCafferty,WP 1996 Emendations to the Callibaetis (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) of South America. Entomological News 107 4, 230-232.

McCafferty,WP 1997 Name adjustments and a new synonym for North American Ephemeroptera species. Entomological News 108 4, 318, 320.

McCafferty,WP 1998 Additions and corrections to Ephemeroptera species of North America and index to their complete Nomenclature. Entomological News 109 4, 266-268.

McCafferty,WP; Durfee,RS; Kondratieff,BC 1993 Colorado mayflies (Ephemeroptera): an annotated inventory. Southwestern Naturalist 38 3, 252-274.

McCafferty,WP; MacDonald,JF 1994a New records of Ephemeroptera in Uath, with notes on biogeography. Entomological News 105 4, 217-221.

McCafferty WP; Waltz RD. 1986. Baetis magnus, new species, formal new name for Baetis sp. B of Morihara and McCafferty (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 88:604.

McCafferty,WP; Waltz,RD 1990 Revisionary synopsis of the Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) of North and Central America. Transactions of American Entomological Society 116, 769-799.

McCafferty,WP; Wang,T-Q 1994 Phylogenetics and the classification of the Timpanoga complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Journal of the North American Benthological Society 13 4, 569-579.

McCafferty,WP; Wang,T-Q 2000 Phylogenetic systematics of the major lineages of Pannote mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Pannota). Transactions of American Entomological Society 126 1, 9-101.

McCafferty,WP; Wigle,MJ; Waltz,RD 1994 Systematics and biology of Acentrella turbida (McDunnough) (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 70, 301-308.

McCullough DA; Minshall GW; Cushing CE. 1979 Bioenergetics of a stream "collector" organism, Tricorythodes minutus (Insecta: Ephemeroptera). Limnology and Oceanography 24:45-58.

McDunnough J. 1921 Two new Canadian May-flies (Ephemeridae). Canadian Entomologist 53:117-120.

McDunnough,J 1923 New Canadian Ephemeridae with notes. Canadian Entomologist 55, 39-50.

McDunnough,J 1926 Notes on North American Ephemeroptera with descriptions of new species. Canadian Entomologist. 58:184–196.

McDunnough,J 1928 The Ephemeroptera of Jasper Park, Alta. Canadian Entomologist 60, 8-10.

McDunnough,J 1931 New species of North American Ephemeroptera. Canadian Entomologist 63, 82-93.

McDunnough J. 1933 The nymph of Cinygma integrum and description of a new heptagenine genus. Canadian Entomologist 65:73-76. McIntosh,AR; Peckarsky,BL; Taylor,BW 2002 The influence of predatory fish on mayfly drift: extrapolating from experiments to nature. Freshwater Biology 47, 1497-1513.

McIntosh,AR; Peckarsky,BL and Taylor,BW 2004. Predator-induced resource heterogeneity in a stream food web. Ecology 85(8) 2279–2290. Abstract



McPeek, MA and Peckarsky,BL. 1998. Life histories and the strengths of species interactions: combining mortality, growth and fecundity effects. Ecology 79:235-247. Abstract

Merritt,RW; Cummins,KW (Eds.) 1996 An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America. 3rd ed. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa. 862 pages.
     The best all around aquatic insect key and general reference for North America. Technical, not for field identifications, you need a microscope for most of the characters used in the dichotomous keys. Not a first bug book or a book for beginners.

Meyer,MD; McCafferty,WP 2001 Hagen's small minnow mayfly (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in North America. Entomological News 112 4, 255-263.

Morihara,DK; McCafferty,WP 1979a The Baetis larvae of North America (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). Transactions of American Entomological Society 105, 139-221.
     
Name in this paper 2008 Name
Baetis hageni Diphetor hageni
Baetis insignificans Acentrella insignificans
Baetis amplus Acentrella ampla
Baetis lapponicus Acentrella lapponicus
Baetis pygmaeus Acerpenna pygmaea
Baetis macdunnoughi Acerpenna macdunnoughi
Baetis longipalpus Pseudocloeon longipalpus
Baetis propinguus Pseudocloeon propinguum
Baetis ephippiatus Pseudocloeon ephippiatus
Baetis macani bundyae Baetis bundyae
Baetis quilleri Fallceon quilleri
Baetis sp. A Baetis adonis
Baetis sp. B Baetis magnus
Baetis sp. C Baetis notos


Morihara,DK; McCafferty,WP 1979b Systematics of the propinquus group of Baetis species (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 72, 130-135.


N


Needham JG. 1905. Ephemeridae. Bulletin of the New York State Museum 86:17-62, pl. 4-12.

Needham JG. 1927. The Rocky Mountain species of the mayfly genus Ephemerella. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 20:107-117.

Needham,JG; Traver,JR; Hsu,Y-C 1935 The Biology of Mayflies. Comstock Publishing Company, Inc, Ithaca, New York. 759 pages.

Nehring,RB 1976 Aquatic insects as biological monitors of heavy metal pollution. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 15 2, 147-154.

Nelson,SM; Roline,RA 1996 Recovery of stream macroinvertebrates community from mine drainage disturbance. Hydrobiologia 339, 73-84.

Nelson,SM; Roline,RA 1999 Relationships between metals and hyporheic invertebrate community structure in a river recovering from metals contamination. Hydrobiologia 397, 211-226. Abstract
     They studied the Arkansas River above (surface) and 30 cm below the streambed (hyporheic) macroinvertebrate community before and after a water treatment plant was installed to clean up the Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel effluent in 1992. Having to contend with issues such as the usual annual variation in insect communities they used some fancy math (correspondance analysis) to intepret changes due to cleaner water. They found the water treatment plant cleaned up the surface water the quickest, with the hyporheic zone showing recovery after several years. The hyporheic community fluctuated, with a lower than expected species richness and abundance in 1995 after the water treatment plant was installed. The authors suspect this was because of the large spring runoff in 1995. Substrate (macroinvertebrates prefer more rocks and less sand), discharge, as well as upwelling and downwelling affected community structure too. Metal concentrations in the hyporheic were different from the surface. Quote from page 222: "The continued remobilization of metals into the hyporheic may still be affecting October hyporheic community, even seven years after initiation of water treatment."

Newell RL; Minshall GW. 1978 Effect of temperature on the hatching time of Tricorythodes minutus (Ephemeroptera: Tricorythidae). J. Kans. Ent. Soc. 51:504-506.

Newell RT; Minshall GW. 1978. Life history of a multivoltine mayfly, Tricorythodes minutus: an example of the effect of temperature on the life cycle. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 71:876-881.


O



P


Peckarsky,BL 1980a Influence of detritus on colonization of stream invertebrates. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 37, 957-963.

Peckarsky,BL 1980b Predator-prey interactions between stoneflies and mayflies: Behavioral observations. Ecology 61 4, 932-943.

Peckarsky,BL 1983 Biotic interactions or abiotic limitations? A model of lotic community structure. In: Dynamics of Lotic Ecosystems. Eds: Fontaine III,Thomas D; Bartell,Steven M Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 303-323.

Peckarsky,BL 1985 Do predaceous stoneflies and siltation affect the structure of stream insect communities colonizing enclosures? Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, 1519-1530.

Peckarsky,BL 1986 Colonization of natural substrates by stream benthos. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43, 700-709.

Peckarsky,BL 1987a Mayfly cerci as defense against stonefly predation: deflection and detection. Oikos 48 2, 161-170.

Peckarsky,BL 1988 Why predaceous stoneflies do not aggregate with their prey. Internationale Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie Verhandlungen 23, 2135-2140.

Peckarsky,BL 1990 Habitat selection by stream-dwelling predatory stoneflies. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, 1069-1076.

Peckarsky,BL 1991a A field test of resource depression by predatory stonefly larvae. Oikos 61 1, 3-10.

Peckarsky,BL 1991b Is there a coevolutionary arms race between predators and prey? A case study with stoneflies and mayflies. Advances in Ecology 1, 167-180.

Peckarsky,BL 1996 Alternative predator avoidance syndromes of stream-dwelling mayfly larvae. Ecology 77 6, 1888-1905.Abstract

Peckarsky,BL; Cook,KZ 1981 Effect of Keystone mine effluent on colonization of stream benthos. Environmental Entomology 10, 864-871.

Peckarsky,BL; Cowan,CA 1995 Microhabitat and activity periodicity of predatory stoneflies and their mayfly prey in a western Colorado stream. Oikos 74 3, 513-521.

Peckarsky,BL; Cowan,CA; Anderson,CR 1994 Consequences and plasticity of the specialized predatory behavior of stream-dwelling stonefly larvae. Ecology 75 1, 166-181.

Peckarsky, B.L., C.A. Cowan, M.A. Penton and C. Anderson. 1993 Sublethal consequences of stream-dwelling predatory stoneflies on mayfly growth and fecundity. Ecology 74(6):1836-1846. Abstract

Peckarsky,BL; Dodson,SI 1980a Do stonefly predators influence benthic distributions in streams? Ecology 61 6, 1275-1282.

Peckarsky,BL; Dodson,SI 1980b An experimental analysis of biological factors contributing to stream community structure. Ecology 61 6, 1283-1290.

Peckarsky,BL; Dodson,SI; Conklin,DJ 1985 A key to the aquatic insects of streams in the vicinity of the Rocky Mountain Biological Lab, including chironomid larvae from streams and ponds. Colorado Division of Wildlife, Denver CO. 47 pages.

Peckarsky,BL; Fraissinet,PR; Penton,MA; Conklin Jr.,DJ 1990 Freshwater Macroinvertebrates of Northeastern North America. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. 442 pages.
     While not local, it works pretty well to the genus level, useful as another tool on the shelf when stuck on a bug identification.

Peckarsky,BL; Hughes,JM; Mather,PB; Hillyer,M; Encalada,AC 2005 Are populations of mayflies living in adjacent fish and fishless streams genetically differentiated? Freshwater Biology 50(1), 42-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01292.x Abstract

Peckarsky,BL, Kerans,B; Taylor,BW and McIntosh,AR. 2008 Predator effects on prey population dynamics in open systems. Oecologia.

Peckarsky,BL; McIntosh,AR 1998 Fitness and community consequences of avoiding multiple predators. Oecologia 113, 565-576.

Peckarsky,BL; McIntosh,AR; Caudill,CC; Dahl,J 2002 Swarming and mating behavior of a mayfly Baetis bicaudatus suggest stabilizing selection for male body size. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 51, 530-537.

Peckarsky,BL; McIntosh,AR; Taylor,BW; Dahl,J 2002 Predator chemicals induce changes in mayfly life history traits: a whole stream manipulation. Ecology 83 3, 612-618.

Peckarsky,BL; Taylor,BW; Caudill,CC 2000 Hydrologic and behavioral constraints on oviposition of stream insects: implications for adult dispersal. Oecologia 125, 186-200.

Peckarsky,BL; Taylor,BW; McIntosh,AR; McPeek,MA; Lytle,DA 2001 Variation in mayfly size at metamorphosis as a developmental response to risk of predation. Ecology 82, 740-757. Abstract

Pennack,RW 1978 Fresh-water Invertebrates of the United States. 2nd ed. Wiley-Interscience, New York, NY. 803 pages.

Pennuto,CM; deNoyelles Jr,F 1993 Behavioral responses of Drunella coloradensis (Ephemeroptera) nymphs to short-term pH reductions. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, 2692-2697.

Perry SA; Perry WB; Stanford JA. 1986. Effects of stream regulation on density, growth, and emergence of two mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) and a caddisfly (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in two Rocky Mountain rivers (U.S.A.). Canadian Journal of Zoology 64(3):656-666.

Peters WL. 1988. Origins of the North American Ephemeroptera fauna, especially the Leptophlebiidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 144:13-24.

Peters WL, Edmunds Jr GF. 1961 The mayflies (Ephemeroptera) of the Navajo Reservoir Basin, New Mexico and Colorado. University of Utah Anthropological Papers, No. 55, Upper Colorado Series, No. 5, pp.

Poff,NL; Wellnitz,T; Monroe,JB 2003 Redundancy among three herbivorous insects across an experimental current velocity gradient. Oecologia 134, 262-269. PDF file, look about a quarter of the way down the page for the link

Pritchard,G; Zloty,J 1994 Life histories of two Ameletus mayflies (Ephemeroptera) in two mountain streams: the influence of temperature, body size, and parasitism. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 13 4, 557-568.

Provonsha,AV 1990 A revision of the genus Caenis in North America (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae). Transactions of American Entomological Society 116, 801-884.

Prusha,BA; Clements,WH 2004 Landscape attributes, dissolved organic C, and metal bioaccumulation in aquatic macroinvertebrates (Arkansas River Basin, Colorado). Journal of the North American Benthological Society 23 2, 327-339.


Q



R


Rader RB. 1997 A functional classification of the drift: traits that influence invertebrate availability to salmonids. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54:1211-1234.

Rader RB; Ward JV. 1987. Mayfly production in a Colorado mountain stream: an assessment of methods for synchronous and non-synchronous species. Hydrobiologia 148:145-150.

Rader RB; Ward JV. 1988. Influence of regulation on environmental conditions and the macroinvertebrate community in the upper Colorado River. Regulated Rivers: Research and Management 2:597-618.

Rader RB; Ward JV. 1989. Influence of impoundments on mayfly diets, life histories, and production. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 8:64-73.

Rader RB; Ward JV. 1989. The influence of environmental predictability/disturbance characteristics on the structure of a guild of mountain stream insects. Oikos 54:107-116.

Rader RB; Ward JV. 1990. Diel migration and microhabitat distribution of a benthic stream assemblage. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47:711-718.

Rader RB; Ward JV. 1990 Mayfly growth and population density in constant and variable temperature regimes. Great Basin Naturalist 50:97-106.

Randolph,RP; McCafferty,WP 1996 First larval descriptions of two species of Paraleptophlebia (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). American Midland Naturalist 107 4, 225-229.

Richards C; Minshall GW. 1988. The influence of periphyton abundance on Baetis bicaudatus distribution and colonization in a small stream. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 7(2):77-86.


S


Shapas,TJ; Hilsenhoff,WL 1976 Feeding habits of Wisconsin's predominant lotic Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera. Great Lakes Entomologist 9, 175-188.

Slater,J; Kondratieff,BC 2004 A review of the mayfly genus Cinygmula McDunnough (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) in Colorado. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 77 2, 121-126.

Stanford,JA; Ward,JV 1985 The effects of regulation on the limnology of the Gunnison River: A North American case history. In: Regulated Rivers. Eds: Lillehammer,A; Saltveit,S Universitetsforlaget As., Oslo, Norway, 467-480.

Stitt,RP Rockwell,RW Legg,DE and Lockwood,JA 2006 Evaluation of Cinygmula (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) Drift Behavior as an Indicator of Aqueous Copper Contamination. Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Science 67(2) 102–108. Abstract


T


Taylor,BW; McIntosh,AR; Peckarsky,BL 2002 Reach-scale manipulations show invertebrate grazers depress algal resources in streams. Limnology and Oceanography 47 3, 893-899.

Traver JR. 1935 Two new genera of North American Heptageniidae (Ephemerida). Canadian Entomologist 67:31-38.

Traver,JR 1935 Part II, Systematic. In: The Biology of Mayflies with a Systematic Account of North American Species. Eds: Needham,JG; Traver,JR; Hsu,YC Comstock Publications, Ithaca, New York, 239-739.


U



V


Vieira, Nicole K.M., Poff, N. LeRoy, Carlisle, Daren M., Moulton, Stephen R., II, Koski, Marci L., and Kondratieff, Boris C., 2006, A database of lotic invertebrate traits for North America: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 187, http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ds187

. Vance,SA; Peckarsky,BL 1996 The infection of nymphal Baetis bicaudatus by the mermithid nematode Gasteromermis sp. Ecological Entomology 21, 377-381.

Vance,SA 1996 The effect of the mermithid parasite Gasteromermis sp. (Nematoda: Mermithidae) on the drift behaviour of its mayfly host, Baetis bicaudatus (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae): a tradeoff between avoiding predators and locating food. Canadian Journal of Zoology 74, 1907-1913.

Vance,SA; Peckarsky,BL 1997 The effect of mermithid parasitism on predation of nymphal Baetis bicaudatus (Ephemeroptera) by invertebrates. Oecologia 110, 147-152.

Vance,SA 1996 Morphological and behavioural sex reversal in mermithid-infected mayflies. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 263, 907-912.

Vannote,RL; Sweeney,BW 1980 Geographic analysis of thermal quilibria: a conceptual model for evaluating the effect of natural and modified thermal regimes on aquatic insect communities. The American Naturalist 115 (5), 667-695.


W


Walker, F. 1853 Ephemerinae. List of the specimens of neuropterous insects in the collection of the British Museum, Part III (Termitidae- Ephemeridae). pp. 533-585.

Walsh, BD 1862 List of the Pseudoneuroptera of Illinois contained in the cabinet of the writer, with descriptions of over forty new species, with notes on their structural affinities. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia 14:361-402.

Waltz RD. 1986. Revisionary studies of the mayfly family Baetidae (Ephemeroptera). Purdue Univ., dissertation. 259 pp.

Waltz,RD; Burian,SK 2008 Ephemeroptera. In: An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America. 4th ed. Eds: Merritt,RW; Cummins,KW; Berg,MB Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa, 181-236.

Waltz RD; McCafferty WP. 1987a New genera of Baetidae for some Nearctic species previously in Baetis Leach (Ephemeroptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 80:667-670.

Waltz RD; McCafferty WP. 1987b Systematics of Pseudocloeon, Acentrella, Baetiella, and Liebebiella, new genus (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 95:553-568.

Waltz,RD; McCafferty,WP 1997 New generic synonymies in Baetidae (Ephemeroptera). Entomological News 108 2, 134-140.
     This paper synonmizes a number of Baetidae genera revised by Ephemeroptera researchers in Taiwan and Asia.

Wang,T-Q; McCafferty,WP 1995 Relationships of Arthropleidae, Heptageniidae, and Pseudironidae (Ephemeroptera: Heptagenioidea). Entomological News 106 5, 251-256.

Wang,TQ; McCafferty,wp 1996 New diagnostic characters for the mayfly family Baetidae (Ephemeroptera). Entomological News 107 2, 207-212.

Wang,T-Q; McCafferty,WP; Bae,YJ 1997 Sister relationship of the Neoephemeridae and Caenidae (Emphemeroptera: Pannota). Entomological News 108 1, 52-56.

Ward JV. 1986. Altitudinal zonation in a Rocky Mountain stream. Arch. Hydrobiol., Suppl. 74:133-199.

Ward,JV; Stanford,JA 1990 Ephemeroptera of the Gunnison River, Colorado, USA. In: Mayflies and Stoneflies. Ed: Campbell,IC Kluwer Academic Publishers,215-220.

Ward,JV; Kondratieff,BC; Zuellig,RE 2002 An Illustrated Guide to the Mountain Stream Insects of Colorado. 2nd ed. University Press of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado. 219 pages.
     This is the bible of aquatic insect ID for the mountains of Colorado. Be careful when you collect insects from streams at lower elevations, you will run into species not covered by this valuable book.

Webb JM; McCafferty WP. 2006. Contribution to the taxonomy of Eastern North American Epeorus Eaton (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Zootaxa 1128:57–64.

Wellnitz,T; Rader,RB 2003 Mechanisms influencing community composition and succession in mountain stream periphyton; interactions between scouring history, grazing and irradiance. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 22 4, 528-541. Abstract and full text

Wiersema,NA; McCafferty,WP 2000 Generic revision of the North and Central American Leptohyphidae (Ephemeroptera: Pannota). Transactions of American Entomological Society 126 3+4, 337-371.
     Discusses the subfamilies Tricorythodinae and Leptohyphinae. Has keys and illustrations to distinguish larvae and adult genera of the Leptohyphidae family.

Wiersema,NA; Nelson,CR; Kuehnl,KF 2004 A new small minnow mayfly (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Utah, USA. Entomological News 115 3, 139-145.

Williams MC; Lichtwardt RW. 1999. Two new Harpellales living in Ephemeroptera nymphs in Colorado Rocky Mountain streams. Mycologia 91:400-404.

Winget,RN 1993 Habitat partitioning among three species of Ephemerelloidea. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 8 3, 227-234.
     Abstract: "Niche volumes according to several physical and water quality parameters are shown for Drunella grandis, Drunella doddsi and Tricorythodes minutus. Generalist strategies have been adopted by D. grandis for physical habitat characteristics and by T. minutus for water quality characteristics. Drunella doddsi, a specialist, has the smallest physical habitat and water quality niche dimensions of the three mayfly species. Even though each has its own unique niche, there is some overlap between them for most niche dimensions studied. These overlaps are probably present because density independent seasonal limiting factors in western United States streams are as strong or stronger selectors than many density dependent factors. Also, each species has its own unique niche "hypervolume" that changes from station to station and from time to time. "

Winget,RN; Mangum,FA 1991 Environmental profile of Traver (Ephemeroptera: Tricorythidae) in the Western United States. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 6 3, 335-344.

Winget,RN; Mangum,FA 1996 Environmental profile of Drunella coloradensis Dodds (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) in the Western United States. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 11 2, 225-232.

Wipfli,MS, Hudson,J and Caouette,J 1998 Influence of salmon carcasses on stream productivity: response of biofilm and benthic macroinvertebrates in southeastern Alaska, U.S.A. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 55(6): 1503-1511 Abstract


X



Y



Z


D. Zitnan, I. Zitnanová, I. Spalovská, P. Takác, Y. Park and M. E. Adams 2003 Conservation of ecdysis-triggering hormone signalling in insects. The Journal of Experimental Biology 206, 1275-1289. Full Text
     They studied Epeorus sp. anh Heptagenia sp. among other insects.

Zloty,J 1996 A revision of nearctic Ameletus mayflies based on adult males, with descriptions of seven new species (Ephemeroptera: Ameletidae). Canadian Entomologist 128, 293-346.

Zloty JS. 1996. Systematics of Nearctic Ameletus mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Ameletidae). Ph.D. dissertation, University of Calgary, Alberta.

Zuellig,RE; Kondratieff,BC; Rhodes,HA 2002 Benthos recovery after an eposodic sediment release into a Colorado Rocky Mountain river. Western North American Naturalist 62 1, 59-72.


Brown, Wendy S. 2004 Extended reading for those obsessed with the Mayflies of central Colorado
www.gunnisoninsects.org

"Violence is the last refuge of the incompetent" -- Issac Asimov