Trichoptera: Psychomyiidae of Gunnison County, ColoradoPsychomyia flavida |
| Taxa | Treatments | Gland | Gland opening/ Evaporative structures | Opening Muscle | Reservoir shape | Reservoir Musculature | Arrangement of secretory cells |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Psychomyia flavida Hagen F | wholemount, ext. & int. SEM, histology | present | in membranous area between sternites | absent | round | muscle fibres across reservoir incl. secretory tissue + ‘sunburst’ | layer around reservoir |
...Muscle fibres often surround the reservoir, sometimes also the secretory tissue. Exceptions are found in Psychomyiidae (no opening muscle), female Philopotamidae (fenestra with separate glandular complex), Agathiphagidae (several unique features), Neopseustidae and Nepticulidae (gland present without gland opening)."
Flint,OS, Jr. 1964 Notes on some Nearctic Psychomyiidae with special reference to their larvae (Trichoptera). Proceedings of the United States National Museum 115.
Hagen,HA 1861 Synopsis of the Neuroptera of North America with a list of South American species. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 4, 1-344.
Hagen's Glossary (pdf)
Ivanov,VD; Melnitsky,SI and Perkovsky,EE 2016 Caddisflies from Cenozoic resins of Europe. Paleontological Journal, 50(5), pp.485-493.
Abstract: "Analysis of the available data on the findings and taxonomical structure of caddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) in the Cenozoic fossil resins of Europe shows that there are four European amber regions (Baltic, Rovno, Saxonian, and Danish) are characterized by a relatively abundant trichopteran fauna, comprising 27 families, 72 genera, and 256 species. These faunas show the dominance of Psychomyioidea (families Polycentropodidae, Psychomyiidae, and Ecnomidae) with Polycentropodidae comprising up to 75% of all records. The amber faunas are second in the dominance of Polycentropodidae only to the terminal Eocene of Florissant (84% of Polycentropodidae). No modern caddisfly species have been found. The amber regions are significantly different in the species composition of Trichoptera although the generic and family structures are similar. Comparison with the modern faunas of Europe shows the absence of advanced Limnephilidae, which are characteristic of the Holocene faunas of Europe, and the rarity of recently abundant Hydropsychidae and Hydroptilidae. The overall composition of amber Trichoptera suggests that it is structurally related to the faunas of Caucasus and Southeastern Asia and might be evidence of seasonally low-contrast (equable) climate in the Late Eocene of Europe."
Lehmkuhl,DM and Kerst,CD 1979 Zoogeographical affinities and identification of central Arctic caddisflies (Trichoptera). Musk-Ox 25: 12-28.
Li,YJ and Morse,JC 1997 Phylogeny and classification of Psychomyiidae (Trichoptera) genera. Pages 271-276 in Proceedings of the 8th International Sympolium on Trichoptera (R. W. Holzenthal, and O. S. Flint, Jr., eds.). Ohio Biological Survey, Columbus, Ohio.
Ross,HH 1944 The Caddis Flies, or Trichoptera, of Illinois. Natural History Survey of Illinois 23 Los Angeles, CA. 326 pages.
Describes the larvae of P. flavida.
Schmid,F 1983 Revision des trichopteres Canadiens. III. Les Hyalopsychidae, Psychomyiidae, Goeride, Brachycentridae, Sericostomatidae, Helicopsychidae, Beraeidae, Odontoceridae, Calamoceratidae et Molannidae. Memoires de la societe entomologique du Canada. Volume 125, 109 pages.
Shapas,TJ and Hilsenhoff,WL 2017 Feeding habits of Wisconsin's predominant lotic Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera, and Trichoptera. The Great Lakes Entomologist, 9(4), p.3. PDF
Quote from page 183: "PSYCHOMYIIDAE-Like the Philopotamidae, larvae of this family are net-spinning, small particle filter-feeders. Only Psychomyia flavida Hagen was examined, and it consumed subequal amounts of detritus and diatoms. Coffman et al. (1971) reported almost exclusive algal feeding for this species in Pennsylvania."
Swegman,BG 1978. The occurrence of an intersex individual of Psychomyia flavida (Trichoptera). Entomological News 89:187-188. PDF
Wichard,W 2021 Overview of the caddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Cretaceous Research, 119, p.104707.
Quote from 5.Conclusions: "Looking at the caddisflies of Burmese amber in general, the small size of many adults is striking. Among the extant caddisflies, the Hydroptilidae are called “microcaddisflies” because their forewings are usually only 2.5—3.5 mm long. In Burmese amber, Psychomyiidae are also certainly among the smallest caddisflies, reaching forewing lengths of only 1.8—2.6 mm in the genus Palerasnitsynus (Wichard et al., 2011; 2018b)."
The United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Quality Assessment Data Warehouse (NAWQA) shows this species is present in Gunnison County. Data as of 1Sep2005
Zuellig,RE; Heinold,BD; Kondratieff,BC and Ruiter,DE 2012 Diversity and Distribution of Mayflies (Ephemeroptera), Stoneflies (Plecoptera), and Caddisflies (Trichoptera) of the South Platte River Basin, Colorado, Nebraska, and Wyoming, 1873-2010. U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 606, 257 p. PDF - caution 46MB
Quote from pages 96-97: "This Nearctic species was common throughout the foothill region of the SPRB and is considered common in Colorado (Herrmann and others, 1986). In Eastern North America this species appears to be parthenogenic, with males apparently rare or absent in many populations (Corbet, 1966; Roy and Harper, 1981; Wiggins, 1996; Flint, 2008); whereas in Western North American populations, males and females appear to occur in equal proportions." The elevation range is 4,950-9,200 feet and the adults emerge from May-August.